SPORTS ARE NOT JUST FOR MEN: PERCEPTIONS OF MASCULINE HEGEMONY AND GENDER EQUALITY IN THE CITY OF MEDAN

Abstract

This article discusses how stereotypes are formed, passed down, and impact women's participation in sports. The principle of sports itself is that it is an activity that can be done by everyone regardless of gender, age, or background, as previously explained by various relevant figures. Although sports should be inclusive, in reality there are still many stereotypes about masculinity and issues of gender inequality related to access to facilities, training, athlete income, and recognition of achievements. Through a phenomenological approach with an analytical lens using Social Representation Theory, the concept of hegemonic masculinity, and feminist theory, this study highlights how cultural norms, social constructs, media representations, and gender power relations shape the view that sports are a male domain. The results of this study show that female athletes experience symbolic marginalization, differential treatment, and a lack of appreciation despite their equal ability to compete. This study concludes by emphasizing the importance of raising awareness, equalizing opportunities, and changing social perceptions so that sports can become an equal and safe place for all genders.